THESIS
UTI IN RELATION TO MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
NEED FOR STUDY
Menstrual hygiene is an important issue that affects healthy adolescent girls and pre-menopausal adult women monthly. Around the world women have developed their own personal strategies to cope with menstruation, which vary from country to country and depend on economic status, the individual’s personal preferences, local traditions and cultural beliefs and education status [1–3]. Often methods of management can be unhygienic and inconvenient, particularly in poorer settings. In India, between 43% and 88% of girls wash and reuse cotton cloths rather than use disposable pads [4,5]. However reusable material may not be well sanitized because cleaning is often done without soap and with unclean water, and social taboos and restrictions force drying indoors, away from sunlight and open air [5]. Unhygienic washing practices are particularly common in rural areas and amongst women and girls in lower socio-economic groups. Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is also likely to be affected by contextual factors, such as access to places where women can manage menstruation-related washing in privacy and comfort. These factors are influenced by having access to water, hygiene and sanitation facilities at the household, and their link with MHM and with urogenital infections has never been studied in detail hence their is a need for study
INTRODUCTION :
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common type of infectious disease in community practice after respiratory tract infection.Urinary tract infections are believed to be among the most common form of infection in girls and women of menstruating age and this is held to be due to unhygienic practices [6].
Classic UTI symptoms include frequent urination, difficulty urinating, or an urge to urinate even when the bladder is empty.
In addition, some people feel a burning sensation in their genital area when they pee, have bloody or cloudy urine, or feel a cramping sensation in their lower abdomen.
If their UTI has advanced into a kidney infection, patients can have chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, and lower back pain when they urinate as well.
A UTI develops when bacteria, usually E. coli, travels from the skin or rectum into your urethra.
Under normal circumstances, your immune system can fend off invaders like this, but when those defenses fail, the bacteria multiply, becoming an infection that adversely impacts one or more parts of your urinary tract.
When left untreated, a UTI can develop into a bladder infection or impact your ureters. In rarer, more severe cases, it can become a kidney infection or travel into your bloodstream.
Hence awareness on menstrual hygiene and early detection and treatment of the UTI is necessary
AIM
Overall aim of this study is to evaluate the patients having UTI and knowing their menstrual practices for establishing a correlation between their practices and UTI and its outcomes
To ensure women have access to private facilities with water for MHM to educate women about safer, low-cost MHM materials could reduce urogenital disease among women.
OBJECTIVES:
To identify the spectrum of women with URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
To know about their menstrual status and menstrual practices
To study the clinical and laboratory profile of the spectrum of UTI people with BAD MENSTRUAL HYGIENE
To know the correlation between onset of UTI and BAD MENSTRUAL HYGIENE
To ensure menstrual hygiene education is provided to patients for better outcomes
To collect and document patient illness event data reflecting their morbidities and comorbidities in their individual historical timeline.
To match collected individual particular patient event data with past generalizable data around the "illness under study."
To evaluate each thematic category of ...study patient event data into diagnostically labeled morbidities as well as comorbidities and establish a relation between their intervention outcomes over time
To synthesise new learning outcomes over what is currently available and documented globally for patients with "...illness under study" and establish the relationship, if any, between the newly synthesized learning outcomes from each study patient participant and their or their subsequent study patient's healing outcomes.
STUDY DESIGN:-
Qualitative, Prospective and Observational study that evaluates each thematic category of patient illness event data into diagnostically labeled morbidities as well as comorbidities and establishes a relation between their intervention outcomes over time
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1.Patients having two of the variable8
a]Patients with Symptoms of UTI
b]Patients with in menstruation age
2. Females with in menstrual age
3.Females with pruritus and white discharge
4.Written informed consent from each patient or legal guardian prior to enrollment
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1.Patients before menstrual age
2.Patients not having UTI
3.Patients with Sexually acquired genital infection
4.Patients with serology positive for hepatitis hiv syphilis
4.Patients not willing to give consent for study
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
Patients with Symptoms of fever pruritus burning micturation are evaluated for UTI
Both clinical evaluation and laboratory work up will be done to know UTI Presence
Their menstrual hygiene status is evaluated in relation to their use of tampnod cups clots
Menstrual hygiene knowledge will be evaluated and the gap will be fullfilled by encouraging to practice good hygiene behaviour
PATIENTS AND METHODOLOGY
PLACE OF STUDY :Department of OBSTETRIC and GYNECOLOGY,
KAMINENI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES ,NARKETPALLY
STUDY PERIOD :2 YEARS
STUDY DESIGN :Prospective observational study
SAMPLE SIZE : Proposed number of cases to be studied =50
CASE PROFORMA
Serial number
Name
Age
Sex
Occupation
OP/IP number
Education
Socioeconomic Status
Phone number
Residence
Complaints:
Pruritus
BURING MICTURATION
FEVER
Frequent urination,
Difficulty urinating,
Or an urge to urinate even when the bladder is empty.
Past history:
h/o diabetes mellitus since
h/o hypertension since
h/o chronic kidney diseases
h/o coronary artery diseases
h/o cerebrovascular accidents
h/o tuberculosis
h/o asthma
h/o retroviral diseases
h/o blood transfusions
Personal history
Alcohol history
Smoking history
Appetite
Bowel and Bladder habits
Family history
history of similar illness in family
General examination
Weight
Height
BMI
Pallor
Icterus
Lymphadenopathy
Clubbing
Cyanosis
Chest AP and Transverse Diameter
Elevated JVP
Facial puffiness
Pedal Edema
LMP:-
Menstrual history:-
Past
Regular or irregular
Pads/ cloths/ tampnod
Pain
Clots
Present
Regular or irregular
Pads/ cloths/ tampnod
Pain
Clots
Marital history
OBSTETRIC HISTORY
RESPIRATORY EXAMINATION:
Movements of chest:
Percussion:
Air entry:
Breath sounds:
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
Heart sounds:
JVP:
Added sounds:
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM:
Inspection: Palpation:
Shape of abdomen organomegaly
Umbilicus liver span
Percussion : Auscultation:
Shifting dullness Bowel sounds
CENTRAL NERVOUS EXAMINATION :
Higher mental functions:
Motor and sensory system:
Cerebellar functions:
Meningeal signs:
INVESTIGATIONS:-
CUE
RFT
URINE FOR CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY
OUTCOME:
Understanding of association between UTI and menstrual hygiene in adequate management of people with UTI and benefits from a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors associated with these disease emphasize the importance of menstrual hygiene knowledge to improve female health and decrease disability and hospitalization in this population.[1}
CONSENT
I/WE, relative of the patient have read and understood the information provided in the patient information sheet and have been informed the purpose of the evaluation in the language I understand.
I am aware of the fact that I may not derive any benefit from the evaluation and that I deserve the right to opt out of the study at any point of time.
I willingly agree to participate in this study
Patients sign/thumb impression: witness sign/thumb impression
Name: name:
Date: date:
Residents sign:
Resident name:
date:
REFERENCES:
